Research
Western sanctions and Ukrainian drone strikes have measurably degraded Russia's refining capacity — now at 21-year lows — and cut export revenues, but Russia has offset much of this through shadow tankers, deep discounts to India and China, and domestic rationing, producing the core tension of the briefing: economic damage is real and documented, yet has not translated into strategic concession. The central dispute is whether this represents the "sanctions paradox" — where authoritarian regimes absorb pain without changing behavior — or cumulative cost-imposition that is slowly eroding Russia's long-term war-financing capacity, a question the evidence cannot yet resolve. A critical gap the briefing flags but cannot fill is who inside Russia actually bears the fuel shortages: whether costs fall on military logistics or on peripheral workers and low-income households has direct implications for assessing both the strategic effectiveness and the ethical weight of this form of coercion.
By July 2026, most of Russia's regions were experiencing fuel restrictions, directly affecting 50 million people, approximately 35% of the Russian population.
Ukrainian drones allegedly hit the Syzran Oil Refinery in Russia's Samara region on Saturday night. in flames with thick black smoke billowing ...
Although the domestic shortage was alleviated and prices fell as a result of the ban on fuel exports, it was impossible to sustain it over ...
Ukraine launched 61 drone strikes on Russian oil refineries and countless more on storage depots and pumping stations since January 2024, in a campaign planned ...
Throughout 2023, the discount of Russian oil compared to global oil prices shrunk as they were able to maintain similar volumes by selling higher quantities to ...
EXCLUSIVE: Russia’s gasoline output covers 65% of demand after Ukrainian strikes, sources say Click the link in the comments below.
The authors find that the sanctions have decreased Russia's trade with sanctioning states but with very heterogeneous effects, especially across the EU.
The oil supply shown below combines crude and refined oil produces and includes oil production and oil imports minus oil that is exported or stored.
Ukrainian drone strikes have hammered Russia's energy sector, slashing oil processing to its lowest level since 2009, according to Bloomberg.
However, the Kremlin unleashed its coercive toolbox on Ukraine because Ukraine was more vulnerable and economically more important to Russia.
Measuring the local economic effects of Ukrainian long-range strikes on Russian oil refineries is difficult because reliable local data are ...
Ukrainian drone strikes have cut Russian gasoline production to 65% of seasonal demand, creating a daily deficit of 40000-45000 tons.
Ukrainian drone strikes have hammered Russia's energy sector, slashing oil processing to its lowest level since 2009, according to Bloomberg.
The fuel shortage extends well beyond the border regions, affecting gas stations in the Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, and Penza regions ...
Since early August 2025, Ukraine has been conducting a long-range bombing campaign targeting the oil and gas industry infrastructure that fuels ...
Putin says Russia faces fuel shortages as Ukrainian drones strike refineries ... In 2025, the tactics of Ukrainian attacks have changed.
Ukrainian forces intensified their long-range strike campaign against Russian oil refineries in August 2025 and struck 16 out of Russia's 38 ...
Russian Federation Growth is projected to decelerate to 0.9% in 2025, increasing borrowing costs, stricter sanctions, and lower energy prices. invasion of ...
The impact from Ukrainian drone strikes will suppress Russia's refinery processing rates until at least mid-2026, the International Energy Agency says
How Serious Are Ukrainian Drone Attacks for Russia? If the scale of Ukrainian drone attacks is maintained at the ... Published on Apr 5, 2024. Carnegie ...
Yet for much of its history, well into the middle decades of the twentieth century, it was the “labor question,” not the question of inequality, that preoccupied the Left. Or, to put things differently, the Left treated the inequality question as derivative — that is to say, as embraced by the labor...
However, there is an additional and distinct approach to all of the questions above, which emphasizes socio-structural transformations in the labor market rather than elite politics or exogenous constraints: most of the processes above should also be understood with reference to increasing labor mar...
Consistent with existing scholarship on political economy, we expect governments dominated by left-wing parties to be associated with lower compositional inequality. This is because left-wing parties have traditionally shared a commitment to greater egalitarianism. The policies that they pursue whil...
The era of neoliberal globalization has unsettled the labor-capital relationship in the capitalist world, particularly in the advanced capitalist world. ... There have been major shifts in the nature of work and the working class over the last four decades. ... A discussion of labor is not complete ...
Yet, the most striking finding of our analysis is that the equalizing effect of the Left in government has decreased over time and has become not significant since the 1980s. Moreover, the analysis also shows that in the last 40 years, the Left in government has become indistinguishable from the Cen...
Since Occupy Wall Street sounded the alarm in 2011, stratospheric levels of economic inequality in the United States have been a growing concern in left, liberal, and, more recently, centrist circles. Until recently, many on the center left confined their concerns to inequality itself—favoring, for ...
The challengers attack the orthodox descriptions of the workings of the labor market; they question the theories and methods used by conventional labor-market theorists; ... The dual labor market theory of Peter Doeringer and Michael Piore comes next. It depicts two, nonoverlapping labor markets...
they find that rising inequality in society actually dampens individual voting for a far-left or far-right party. ... Pontusson and Rueda (2010) find that left-wing parties move more to the left of the political spectrum when income inequality increases. ... Accordingly, economic inequality can be a...
Big Labor’s goals fall into three broad categories: · Legal efforts to drive workers from industries unions have found difficult to organize into unions; · Changes to the law designed to strengthen union coercive powers that were taken away from Big Labor in the mid-20th century after it abused t...
In contrast, political economy perspectives focus on employer–employee bargaining power, driven by the monopsony power of firms and declining institutional and policy protections for workers. ... For simplicity and convenience, we group this broad set of bargaining power perspectives under a ‘politi...
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