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Longevity Science: Research Landscape and Resource Allocation

Private investment in longevity biotech surged 220% to $8.49 billion in 2024—almost entirely US-based and venture-backed—while NIH allocates only 0.8% of its budget to aging biology despite aging driving over 80% of US deaths, and no randomized controlled trial has yet demonstrated that any geroscience intervention extends human healthspan at population scale. The central unresolved tension is whether targeting aging biology directly outperforms disease-specific research and primary care investment as a resource allocation strategy, with geroscience advocates citing multi-trillion-dollar economic returns and critics—including Global South institutions and structural-inequality scholars—arguing that basic care and social determinants deliver comparable healthspan gains more cheaply and equitably. The investment geography itself may be the sharpest policy question: with populations bearing the greatest age-related burden almost entirely excluded from a field dominated by US venture capital, the briefing cannot resolve whether current longevity science will compress health inequality or entrench it.

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