Research
Homeschooling in the U.S. has durably expanded since the pandemic, with participation roughly doubling from ~2.8% pre-pandemic to somewhere between 3.4% (NCES household surveys) and 6% (state administrative data) of K–12 students — and a second wave of growth in 2023–24 suggests the shift is structural, not crisis-driven. The core tension is not whether homeschooling has grown, but whether its apparent academic and social benefits reflect homeschooling itself or the advantages of the families most able to choose it — and whether that choice, aggregated across millions of families, quietly defunds and destabilizes public schools that disproportionately serve children who cannot leave. A largely invisible third problem cuts across both sides: the gendered labor costs absorbed almost entirely by mothers, the near-total absence of data from the Global South and East Asia, and the fact that for most of the world the "school vs. home" binary simply does not describe how children actually learn.
There were about 3.408 million homeschool students in 2024-2025 in grades K-12 in the United States. This is up from 2.5 million in spring ...
Household Pulse Survey, about 5.4% of U.S. households with school-aged children reported homeschooling . The U.S. Census Bureau's Household ...
by D Fontenelle-Tereshchuk · 2021 · Cited by 197 — The COVID-19 crisis forced schools to temporarily close from March 2020 to June 2020, producing unpredictable changes in instructional contexts and patterns ...
74.7 percent of families reported their motivation for home-schooling as “a desire to provide moral instruction.” Similarly, 58.9 percent of ...
by T Musaddiq · 2021 · Cited by 138 — Public school enrollment declined noticeably in fall 2020, with 3 percent of Michigan students and 10 percent of kindergartners using other ...
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, homeschooling rates skyrocketed from 5.4% to 11.1% between the 0 reactions
Home schooling in response to the pandemic is driving enrollment declines in schools and districts across the country, according to a majority of principals ...
The cross-sectional data collection for the Household Pulse Survey ended on September 16, 2024, with the final data of the cross-sectional data ...
This report provides 2018–19 rates for grade K–12 student participation in homeschooling, full-time virtual education, and both combined (“instruction at home”)
by AR Watson · 2024 · Cited by 14 — This study examines existing longitudinal state-reported homeschool parti- cipation to better understand trends in post-pandemic homeschooling.
Washington Post shows there could be as many as 2.7 million home-schooled children in the U.S., up from about 1.5 million before the pandemic.
Some 3.4% of K-12 students in the United States were homeschooled during the 2022-23 academic year, according to data from the National Center ...
by C Fields-Smith · Cited by 8 — The evolving role of critical race theory in educational scholarship. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 115-119. Levy, T. (2009). Homeschooling and Racism.
There were 78,000 children reported as starting in EHE during the 2024/25 academic year, increasing from 71,500 during 2023/24. There were ...
In Canada, there were 83,784 students enrolled in homeschool in 2020/2021, more than double (+106.3%) the 40,608 enrolled in the previous ...
by LB Thorell · 2022 · Cited by 409 — The aim of the present study was to examine parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in families with or without a child with a mental ...
Other reasons that parents gave for homeschooling include child being bullied, finances, travel, and a more flexible schedule. er pressure (75 percent); ...
by R Kunzman · Cited by 213 — In every case homeschooled students consistently scored in the 80th percentile or above on nearly every measure.
The key findings are as follow: Research findings on homeschooling show that the home-educated are doing well, typically above average, ...
by LVM Groff · 2024 · Cited by 4 — In the present study, we explored compounding adverse mental health effects of mandatory homeschooling for families during the COVID-19 pandemic ...
The national data shows a larger increase in homeschooling rates in states where ... Homeschooling rates rose more in states where more students were offered in-person or hybrid learning in fall 2020.
Results: Results show clear differences in home schooling experiences in terms of resources and attitudes, and school provision. Concepts of cultural capital and cultural deprivation have been used to show how inequalities continue to persist despite recent policy aimed at reducing inequalities. C...
Our findings showed that schools’ remote teaching provision explained a considerable part of the inequalities in home learning, thus pointing to the failures of the institutions and school systems as the main source of inequalities. ... Using the first wave of the Understanding Society COVID-19 data...
Elif Sari*, Felix Bittmann and Christoph Homuth Department of Educational Decisions and Processes, Migration, Returns to Education, Social Inequality and Educational Decision, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
Our analyses of data collected from a survey of 3,167 parents revealed that there were inequalities in the home learning experience following the school closures that were implemented by the UK Government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
This small-scale research explored the impact that home-schooling had on parents’ well-being from middle-income households, in particular the maternal carer. Through a feminist poststructuralist lens the research highlighted domestic inequalities, and challenged the perception that middle-income fam...
2Model 3 greatly increased the explanatory power of the variance in students’ home learning time, rising from 10 to 29%, demonstrating that schools’ involvement and teaching provision better explained children’s home learning differences than parental background.
YOU'RE {ts:103} OF THE LIST REASONS THAT PEOPLE CHOOSE TO HOME IS BETTER. {ts:110} MILLIS DEPENDS ON THE CORRECT. SOME FAMILIES. WE SEE HUGE CONCENTRATIONS OF {ts:117} STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN HOMESCHOOLING. SO FAMILIES WITH STUDENTS TO THEIR NEEDS {ts:121} MAY NOT BE MET AND THE FOR WHATEVER ...
Key growth opportunities in the homeschooling market through 2034 include penetration of emerging markets such as India, Brazil, and Southeast Asia, where regulatory barriers are declining and middle-class demand for quality education alternatives is rising.
The market, estimated at $25 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. ... |Growth Rate|CAGR of 10.68% from 2020-2034|
The global homeschooling market is expected to reach USD 10.98 billion by 2035. The homeschooling market is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 10.68% by 2035.
Two of the studies in it are by Angela R. Watson, director of the Homeschool Research Lab at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy.
estimate from the Ontario Federation of Teaching Parents, there will be between 47,500 to 95,000 children homeschooled in Canada in the 2020 and 2021 school years, representing a significant increase during the global COVID-19 pandemic (Engle, 2021a). ... Concerning the changing number of homescho...
Several reasons were offered by the homeschooling families interviewed in the *Newsweek* piece, including: - Individualized needs due to learning disabilities - Concerns about bullying in institutional schools (the incidence of bullying in schools has risen 14% since 2017 according to one study) - G...
The results of our survey illustrated that flexibility in work schedules had a stronger connection to the motivation to homeschool than family income.
In the global homeschooling market, key players include Foxford, K12 Inc, Time4Learning, and Connection Academy (Pearson), which dominate through comprehensive online curriculums and strong brand recognition.
The COVID-19 national emergency might be over, but parents’ desire to continue homeschooling is holding strong. ... Nationwide, the Household Pulse Survey estimates that in May 2023, 85% of students are enrolled in public schools, 9.6% attend private schools, and 5.4% are homeschooled. ... Pre-pande...
The number of parents who are homeschooling their children continues to increase even after the end of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, according to a recently released report. The Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy’s Homeschool Research Lab recently published an analysis of the homeschooling ...
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